Introduction:
These days, textiles serve as both a fashion statement and an essential need for clothes. The fast fashion movement, which was started by growing income levels, has significantly boosted the per capita consumption of textiles over the past few years. The current projected value of the worldwide textile and apparel sector, which includes textile, clothing, footwear, and luxury fashion, is close to $3 trillion. The textile sector makes a significant economic and GDP contribution to several nations. It is still an extremely input-intensive company, yet. Both natural and artificial textile fibers have an influence on the environment as their basic materials. After that, they turn into yarns and fabric, which are then wet-processed to provide both practical and aesthetic qualities. As the name implies, water is employed as a carrier and is released at the completion of the process to treat textile materials with various dyes, finishing chemicals, and auxiliaries.
Textile Raw Material:
A material made from tiny fibers or fibers that are spun into yarn and sewn into fabric is called a textile. In every textile sector that is focused on production, raw materials are special materials. It is essential for both high-quality fabric and continuous manufacturing. Cotton, jute, wool, raw silk, and synthetic products are the raw materials used in the textile industry. Textile raw materials are chosen in accordance with the company’s manufacturing policy, which determines whether to use a composite mill or only for spinning, weaving, dyeing, and finishing.
Complete Guide To Textile Products Manufacturing From Nouvelltex
Types of Textile Raw Materials:
- Fiber
- Fabric
- Dyestuff
- Chemical and auxiliaries
1. Fiber:
There is a wide range of fibers discovered in nature. In addition, a variety of synthetic fibers may be produced today however the textile industry only uses just a small amount of these.
Fibre is a material with a high length-to-thickness ratio, flexibility, and fineness. To consider a fiber, the length-to-diameter ratio must be at least 1000.
Textile fibers must also have a few other qualities, such as extensibility, minimum strength, and stability at high temperatures.
Name and Source:
- Cotton
- Silk
- Jute
- Wool
- Polyester
- Nylon
- Spandex
- Flax
- Acrylic
- Aramid
- Polyethylene
- Polypropylene etc.
2. Fabric:
A flat textile structure called fabric is created by weaving together threads, fibers, or filaments. It can be knitted, woven, or not woven. The primary component of the clothing is the fabric.
Name and Source:
- 100% cotton fabric
- 2-by-2 Lycra rib fabric
- CVC fabric, and PC fabric
- Fabric: Lycra single jersey
- Grey mélange
- Viscose lycra
- Double Lacoste
- Plain interlock
- 100% polyester fabric etc.
3. Dyes:
A colored material with an affinity for the substrate it is applied on is called a dye. To increase the dye’s fastness on the fiber, a mordant is usually added to an aqueous solution before the dye is applied.
The following dyes are used:
- Reactive dye
- Disperse dye
- Acid dye
- Basic dye
- Direct dye
- Sulfur dye
- Azoic dye
- Vat dye
4. Chemical and Auxiliaries:
A chemical or prepared chemical product that makes a processing operation in preparation, dyeing, printing, or finishing easier to complete, or that is necessary to get a certain result, is referred to as a dyeing auxiliary.
- Agent for sequestration.
- Anticreasants and Lubricants.
- Pretreatment Substances
- Agent for Levelling and Dispersing.
- Agent for leveling, dispersing, and sequestering in reactive dyeing.
- Avoid foam.
- Control pH and buffering mechanism.
- Agent of Desizing
- Lubricant for Yarn
- Brokering agent
- Coloring agent
- Optical Illumination
- Agent for soaping or washing off.
Importance of Raw Materials in the Manufacturing of Textiles
About 50–70% of a short-staple yarn’s production costs are due to raw materials. This statistic just shows how important the raw material is to the company that makes yarn. Using a problem-free raw material is never feasible since cotton is a natural fiber with a variety of qualities that might impact performance. The raw material would be prohibitively costly if every attribute had to be suitable for cotton. With these challenges, producing high-quality yarn requires a deep understanding of the basic material and how it reacts in processing.
The main cost for manufacturing clothes is the cost of raw materials. Sixty to seventy percent of the entire cost of creating a garment is the cost of the cloth. In the apparel business, the quality of the fabric as it comes in rolls directly affects the quality of the final product. Thus, it is indisputable that raw materials are important to the textile and garment industries.